Learn Traditional Thai Dance

About this activity

Thai Classical Dance is an art form that combines drama, dance, and music, guided by the principles of the Natya Shastra, an ancient Indian treatise on performing arts. This scripture stipulates that it must integrate three essential elements: dance, music, and vocal performance. These three components have been intrinsic to human expression since ancient times. Thai classical dance originates from various influences, such as the natural or stylized articulation of emotions—whether joy or sorrow—and religious beliefs centered on venerating deities through dance, song, and ritual performances to invoke divine favor.

Moreover, Thai classical dance has absorbed foreign influences, particularly Indian traditions related to gods and dance mythology. These influences reached Thailand both directly and indirectly through Javanese and Khmer cultures before being refined into uniquely Thai forms. For example, the depiction of Shiva as Nataraja (Lord of Dance), with his 108 symbolic poses (karanas), originated in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. This foundational dance philosophy is documented in the Natya Shastra, authored by Bharata Muni, which profoundly shaped Thai dance traditions, leading to distinct practices in training, rituals, and customs that endure today.

Experts suggest that Indian artistic influences reached Thailand during the Ayutthaya period, evidenced by the construction of the Shiva Nataraja Temple in 1800 BE (Buddhist Era), coinciding with the rise of the Sukhothai Kingdom. Early adaptations of Indian dance were refined by Ayutthayan scholars and further developed during the Rattanakosin era, resulting in the evolution of Thai dance postures and theatrical forms that continue to thrive.

Types of Thai Classical Dance

Thai classical dance transforms natural gestures into stylized movements, accompanied by music. It is categorized into four main types:

1. Khon
   A prestigious masked dance-drama where performers wear elaborate Hua Khon masks and enact scenes from the Ramakien (the Thai adaptation of the Ramayana). Movements synchronize with poetic narration and piphat ensemble music. Costumes mimic royal attire (Yuen Khang), and performances are reserved for grand royal ceremonies.
2. Lakhon
   A narrative dance-drama evolving from storytelling traditions. It blends dance, song, and music, with styles like Lakhon Nai (court drama) and Lakhon Nok (folk drama). Popular stories include Sang Thong and Inao. Performers wear royal-inspired costumes and often perform at significant royal events.
3. Ram and Rabam
   Non-narrative dances accompanied by music and song:
   • Ram: Solo or duet performances (e.g., Ram Duet or Ram with Weapons), featuring choreographed sequences. Examples include Ram Mae Bot (Mother of Dance postures) and Ram Phra Lak Phra Lam.
   • Rabam: Group dances with synchronized movements and matching costumes, often set to piphat music. Examples include Rabam Si Bot (Four-Part Dance) and Rabam Kridaphinihan.
4. Folk Performances
   Regional dances reflecting local cultural identities:
   • Northern Folk Dance (e.g., Fon Lep and Sword Dance)
   • Central Folk Dance (e.g., Teut-Teung drum dances)
   • Northeastern (Isan) Folk Dance (e.g., Serng Kratip Khoa bamboo dances)
   • Southern Folk Dance (e.g., Nora and Manora)

Each form embodies Thailand’s cultural heritage, blending indigenous traditions with external influences to create a vibrant, enduring art form.

What you’ll gain from participating in this activity:

1. Learned about the history and origins of Thai classical dance.
2. Studied the costumes, props, postures, and musical elements used in Thai dance performances.
3. Acquired the techniques to perform Thai dance with proper form and aesthetic grace.
4. Experienced enjoyment through participating in Thai dance movements and traditional music.